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A | Breakthrough new research could significantly increase supply of organs for people with rarer blood types waiting for a transplant, reported The Guardian.,A team of scientists from the University of Cambridge have successfully altered the blood type of three donor kidneys. By flushing blood infused with a special enzyme through a human kidney the scientists removed the blood type markers lining the blood vessels of the organ.,The procedure required using a device that is connected with a donor’s kidney to pass oxygenated blood through it - a normothermic perfusion machine. As a result, the organ was converted to type O, considered the universal donor.,Blood Group Compatible,As the blood type of a donor must be compatible with the recipient’s, the new development could increase the supply of kidneys available for transplant.,A kidney from someone with blood type A cannot be transplanted to someone with blood type B, or visa versa. In such a case, the receiving body’s immune system would reject the new organ, interpreting the different blood type as foreign.,So changing the blood type to the universal O would mean the donor organ could be used for people with any blood type.,“Our confidence was really boosted after we applied the enzyme to a piece of human kidney tissue and saw very quickly that the antigens were removed. After this, we knew that the process is feasible, and we just had to scale up the project to apply the enzyme to full-size human kidneys,” Serena MacMillan, a PhD student at the University of Cambridge, said.,Scientists involved in the research, funded by charity Kidney Research UK and due to be published in the British Journal of Surgery, clarified that the outcome might have particular implications for minority ethnic groups.,Science & TechGood News for ABs: Scientists Can Now Change People's Blood Type21 February, 16:34 GMT,Some blood groups such as O Rh positive and B Rh positive are more prevalent among black, Asian and minority ethnic communities. To complicate matters further, some rare blood types are only found within the black, Asian and minority ethnic communities,This typically places them at a disadvantage, as they struggle to find a match. With low donation rates from these populations, stressed the researchers, sometimes such patients wait for as long as over a year for a compatible donor. They cited figures from 2020-21 showing that just over 9% of total organ donations in the UK came from black and minority ethnic donors. On the other hand, black and minority ethnic patients make up 33% of the kidney transplant waiting list.,“It’s very exciting to think about how this could potentially impact so many lives,” added Serena MacMillan.,The “potentially gamechanging” research was applauded by Dr Aisling McMahon, the executive director of research at Kidney Research UK.,The scientists will now test the reintroduction of other blood types and observe how the novel approach in clinical settings.。记者获悉，今年新型政策性金融工具相关实施方案已于近期印发到地方，各地将据此进行项目申报。与去年不同的是，今年财政对符合条件的新型政策性金融工具资金给予贴息；投向布局上，突出强调对于民间投资、产业类项目的重点支持。

B | 今年我国继续发行新型政策性金融工具，资金规模达8000亿元，较去年增加3000亿元。在日前召开的国家发展改革委7月新闻发布会上，国家发展改革委国民经济综合司副司长周宏伟表示，统筹抓好“两重”建设，抓住三季度施工旺季，加快8000亿元新型政策性金融工具资金投放使用，加快专项债发行使用。记者了解到，目前新型政策性金融工具的相关实施方案已印发，明确了总体要求、支持领域。2025年，政策性金融工具重点投向数字经济、人工智能、消费基础设施，以及交通、能源、地下管网建设改造等城市更新领域。今年，新型政策性金融工具投向在此前基础上进一步优化，其中，更突出强调对民间投资项目、产业类项目的支持。近期，相关部门已多次释放加大力度支持民间投资的信号。周宏伟在上述发布会上表示，持续激发民间投资活力。完善民营企业参与国家重大项目建设长效机制。充分发挥财政金融协同促内需专项资金作用，支持扩大民间投资。国家发展改革委在部署下半年发展改革工作时也强调，重点聚焦投资空间大、民营企业投资意愿强的成长性行业领域推出一批政策措施，让民间投资“放心投”“投得动”“多参与”。 “今年以来民间投资出现波动，亟需政策托举。

C | ”粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒表示，数字经济、人工智能等新兴产业是民营企业大有可为的领域。通过新型政策性金融工具引导民间资本进入，既能为民企开辟新的投资空间，又能充分激发新兴产业增长潜力，促进产业升级。值得注意的是，今年财政还将对符合条件的新型政策性金融工具资金给予贴息。罗志恒表示，部分重大基础设施和民生保障项目社会效益显著，但项目早期现金流不足、回报周期较长，新型政策性金融工具用作项目资本金后，利息成本仍需按期偿还。

D | 今年财政贴息将直接压降项目资本金的利息支出，有助于改善项目现金流、提高项目内部收益率，提升社会资本参与积极性。实际上，在今年1月发布的《关于实施中小微企业贷款贴息政策的通知》中就曾提到，对“中小微民营企业参与项目使用的新型政策性金融工具资金”给予的财政贴息标准：中央财政按照贷款本金给予年化1.5个百分点、期限不超过2年的贴息支持，单户贴息贷款规模上限5000万元。中国人民银行最新发布的数据显示，7月份企业新发放贷款加权平均利率略低于3.0%。东方金诚首席宏观分析师王青表示，1.5个百分点的贴息幅度能够显著降低中小微民营企业融资成本。这有助于缓解民间投资融资成本偏高问题，激励中小微民营企业积极参与新型政策性金融工具支持的投资项目，提振民企投资信心；同时，也将加快新型政策性金融工具落地生效步伐，在较短时间内发挥扩投资、稳增长作用。

E | 从落地效果来看，去年政策性金融工具于9月底启动投放，到10月底全部投放完成，5000亿元政策性金融工具共支持2300多个项目，项目总投资约7万亿元。王青表示，预计下半年新型政策性金融工具会较快落地，根据以往的实际撬动效果，结合今年新型政策性金融工具进一步优化，估计8000亿元政策工具资金落地后，将对固定资产投资增速有较强的拉动效应，叠加其他扩投资政策进一步发力，将有效带动全年投资基本实现止跌回稳。（记者汪子旭）。